Recency for Carrying Passengers — FCL.060
General (ICAO)
ICAO Annex 1 requires recency requirements for pilots carrying passengers.
Europe (EASA / EU)
FCL.060 — 90-day rule
A pilot may only operate an aircraft to carry passengers when he has completed a minimum number of take-offs, approaches and landings in an aircraft of the same type or class within a certain period of time; namely at least 3 within the previous 90 days:
| Recency requirement | Number | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Take-off + approach + landing | 3 | within the last 90 days |
FCL.060 details
- Must be in the same aircraft type or class.
- Pilot as PIC or under dual instruction.
- Night recency: additional 1 T-O+L at night within 90 days for night pax.
When recency lapses
- Pilot may not carry passengers.
- Solo recency flight → 3 touch-and-goes within the 90-day window reactivates recency.
- Pilot may continue solo, but no pax.
LAPL — different recency
Holders of a LAPL(A) may only execute the rights from their licenses when they have completed, within the previous 24 months, at least 12 hours as PIC including 12 take-offs and landings, and a refresher training of at least one hour total flight time with an instructor (see "Pilot Licences" lesson for LAPL recency).
Germany (national)
EU recency rules apply directly. National additions: no significant deviations.
Recent experience*; FCL.205.A (LAPL); LuftPersV.*