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44/55Magnetic compass

Memory aids

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Established established pilot-training mnemonics for compass topics (all from FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-15, AOPA training material):

Variation and deviation — conversion

MnemonicMeaning
"Variation East, Magnetic least"With east variation: Magnetic heading is less than True heading
"Variation West, Magnetic best"With west variation: Magnetic heading is greater than True heading
"Deviation East, Compass least"With east deviation: Compass heading is less than Magnetic heading
"Deviation West, Compass best"With west deviation: Compass heading is greater than Magnetic heading

Conversion sequence CDMVT

From Compass to True (e.g. for navigation on an ICAO chart in True track):

code
C  ompass     (what the compass reads)
± D eviation  (from the compass correction card)
= M agnetic
± V ariation  (from the chart)
= T rue

Or in reverse (True → Compass):

code
T  rue
± V ariation
= M agnetic
± D eviation
= C ompass

Mnemonic: "Can Dead Men Vote Twice" (CDMVT) — initial letters in order.

Acceleration and turning errors

MnemonicMeaning
ANDSAccelerate North, Decelerate South (Northern hemisphere, on E/W heading)
UNOSUndershoot North, Overshoot South (Northern hemisphere, turning through N or S)

Practice example

Given: True heading 060°, variation 5°W, deviation 2°E. Find compass heading.

Solution via CDMVT (T → C):

  1. True = 060°
    • Variation 5°W (West → add) → Magnetic = 065°
  2. − Deviation 2°E (East → subtract) → Compass = 063°
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