Established established pilot-training mnemonics for compass topics (all from FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-15, AOPA training material):
Variation and deviation — conversion
| Mnemonic | Meaning |
|---|---|
| "Variation East, Magnetic least" | With east variation: Magnetic heading is less than True heading |
| "Variation West, Magnetic best" | With west variation: Magnetic heading is greater than True heading |
| "Deviation East, Compass least" | With east deviation: Compass heading is less than Magnetic heading |
| "Deviation West, Compass best" | With west deviation: Compass heading is greater than Magnetic heading |
Conversion sequence CDMVT
From Compass to True (e.g. for navigation on an ICAO chart in True track):
code
C ompass (what the compass reads)
± D eviation (from the compass correction card)
= M agnetic
± V ariation (from the chart)
= T rue
Or in reverse (True → Compass):
code
T rue
± V ariation
= M agnetic
± D eviation
= C ompass
Mnemonic: "Can Dead Men Vote Twice" (CDMVT) — initial letters in order.
Acceleration and turning errors
| Mnemonic | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ANDS | Accelerate North, Decelerate South (Northern hemisphere, on E/W heading) |
| UNOS | Undershoot North, Overshoot South (Northern hemisphere, turning through N or S) |
Practice example
Given: True heading 060°, variation 5°W, deviation 2°E. Find compass heading.
Solution via CDMVT (T → C):
- True = 060°
-
- Variation 5°W (West → add) → Magnetic = 065°
- − Deviation 2°E (East → subtract) → Compass = 063°