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Air LawLektion 51 von 64
51/64Search and Rescue (ICAO Annex 12)

Air-to-ground visual signals

Lesezeit ca. 1 min·
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Sprache wechseln (DE)

General (ICAO)

ICAO Annex 12 Appendix A, §2 defines the air-to-ground visual signals used by a SAR aircraft to signal a ground party or survivors.

Acknowledgement — message understood / "operation accomplished":

  • Day: aircraft flies level and rocks the wings.
  • Night: two flashes of landing or navigation lights.

Message NOT understood — "understood but operation cannot be accomplished":

  • Day: aircraft flies a complete right-hand circle (360° right turn).
  • Night: switching landing or navigation lights on and off alternately.

Instruction toward landing site / "follow me" to landing site:

  • Day: aircraft overflies the ground party, circles, then flies in the desired direction to the landing site.

Notes:

  • These are the standard replies to the ground-to-air visual signals (see related lesson).
  • When radio contact is available, radio instructions take precedence over visual signals.

Europe (EASA / EU)

ICAO standards adopted — no separate EU codes. The identical tower → aircraft light signals for radio failure are in SERA Appendix 1 (see "Aerodrome lighting" lesson).

Germany (national)

EU/ICAO application. On 121.5 MHz arriving SAR aircraft will first attempt radio contact; if no reply is possible, visual signals are used.

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